2
مکانیک::
نیروی کشش، نیروی پسا (درگ)
where D is the drag force coefficient, and, by combining Eqs
The averaging process leading to the TFM equations erases the details of flow at the level of individual particles; but their consequences appear in the averaged equations through terms such as drag force, for which one must develop constitutive relations (Gidaspow 1994; Arastoopour 2001; Sinclair and Jackson 1989).
One of the major sources of numerical inaccuracy for the TFM originates from the models used for the calculation of drag force (Nikolopoulos et al. 2013; Abbasi and Arastoopour 2011; Jang et al. 2010).
Therefore, any coarse grid continuum simulation of gas-solid flows should include subgrid corrections to the homogeneous drag force acting on the particles.
As a matter of fact, the overprediction of drag force by the homogeneous models is significant and can lead to overprediction of solid circulation rates and underestimation of pressure drops in circulating fluidized beds (CFB) and overpre- diction of bed expansion in bubbling fluidized beds (BFB).،
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